What Are PFAS?

PFAS, often called forever chemicals, have existed since the 1940s because manufacturers valued their water-, grease-, and heat-resistant properties. These chemicals earned the nickname “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily. As a result, PFAS remain in soil, groundwater, and even drinking water supplies.

PFAS forever chemicals persist in the environment and resist degradation. Therefore, they pose a long-term risk to human health and property

Where Do PFAS Come From?

PFAS forever chemicals appear in non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics and carpets, food packaging, and firefighting foams (AFFF). In addition, industries use them in plating and electronics manufacturing.

Industrial wastewater, landfill leachate, and firefighting foam runoff release these chemicals into the environment. Consequently, PFAS contamination has become a major concern for property transactions and environmental site assessments.

Health Risks of PFAS

Exposure to PFAS forever chemicals causes reproductive and developmental issues. Moreover, research shows they may increase cancer risk and suppress immune system function.

Recent EPA Drinking Water Standards

In April 2024, the EPA established enforceable limits for six PFAS compounds:

• PFOA & PFOS: 4 ppt
• PFHxS, PFNA, GenX: 10 ppt
• Mixtures: Hazard Index of 1

In May 2025, the EPA extended compliance deadlines to 2031 and began reviewing some standards. Therefore, these rules now affect public water systems and private well owners nationwide.

PFAS in Phase I Environmental Site Assessments

The EPA classified PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under CERCLA. Consequently, Phase I ESAs must include PFAS considerations. ASTM E1527-21 guidance recommends:

• Documenting PFAS as a Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) when evidence of release exists
• Reviewing historical site use for PFAS sources
• Checking databases for PFAS-related facilities

Why This Matters for Property Transactions

PFAS forever chemical contamination can increase liability, cleanup costs, and reduce property value. Therefore, buyers, lenders, and environmental professionals must stay ahead of these regulations to avoid unexpected risks.

Call to Action

Are you buying, selling, or refinancing property? PFAS forever chemicals could affect your deal. Contact NoVA Environmental Solutions today for expert Phase I ESA services that include PFAS evaluation.

✅ Protect your investment. Stay compliant. Reduce risk.
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